Important Viva questions in Periodontics

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Kole procedure

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Introduction: Kole in 1959 published his series on subapical osteotomy for the correction of anterior open bite deformity.  The conventional Kole osteotomy  an alter the symmetric bone architecture of the chin and jeopardize the blood supply of the sandwich segments. Thus, Modified Kole procedure  close anterior open bite as well as correct anterior and vertical macrogenia without sacrificing the lower most symphyseal segment, in comparison with conventional Kole's osteotomy. This procedure can be used for the correction of localized deformities such as mild to severe open bites and similar major asymmetric segmental deformities. Surgical Technique: The subapical osteotomy cuts were made between the first and second premolar without extractions. The subapical osteotomy segment is repositioned superiorly as in standard Kole's technique to correct the open bite. A low level genioplasty is performed to remove a wedge shaped bicortical bone.  This bone w...
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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)

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Introduction: ·        Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a microbial disease of the gingiva in a patient with an impaired host response characterized by severe necrosis of the free gingival margin, the crest of the gingiva and interdental papilla. ·        Also called a ‘ Trench Mouth ’, ‘ Vincent’s disease’ , ‘ Vincent’s angina’, ‘Phagedenic gingivitis’. Etiology: ·         Mixed bacterial infection that includes anaerobes such as Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium as well as spirochetes, such as Treponema . Risk factors: A.     Local Factors: i. Contributing to accumulation of bacteria o    Pre-existing gingivitis o    Poor oral hygiene o    Overhanging restorations o    Malpositioned   teeth o    Calculus o    Food impaction ii. Contributing to local ischemia o  ...
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Brin's Hypothesis of Dry Socket

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Brin's Hypothesis suggest that,"Alveolar ostitis occurs when fibrinolysis or other proteolytic activity in and around the alveolus is capable of destroying blood clot." Partial or complete lysis and destruction of the blood clot was caused by tissue kinases liberated during inflammation by a direct or indirect activation of plasminogen in the blood. There are multiple plasminogen activators; Direct Activators           a. Intrinsic: Factor XIIa dependent activators, Urokinase           b. Extrinsic: Tissue Plasminogen activators (TPA), Endothelial Plasminogen activators (EPA) 2. Indirect Activators (Produced by bacteria)           - Streptokinase           - Staphylokinase Fibrinolytic pathway Pain in Dry socket in and around the alveolus is a cardinal sign that is sharp, severe, excurciating, increases in intersity somewhere between 3-5 days and is usually associ...
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